Sleep and Work
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We know that sleep is important. The need for sleep is biologically similar to the need to eat and drink, and it is critical for maintaining life and health and for working safely. Sleeping 7 to 8 hours a night is linked with a wide range of better health and safety outcomes. NIOSH has been actively involved in research to protect workers, workers’ families, employers, and the community from the hazards linked to long work hours and shift work. In honor of National Sleep Awareness Week, we have summarized the sleep and work issue below and, in a companion blog tomorrow, will highlight NIOSH research in this area.
A growing number of American workers are not getting enough sleep. Research shows an increase from 24% in the 1980s to 30% in the 2000s in the percentage of American civilian workers reporting 6 or fewer hours of sleep per day—a level considered by sleep experts to be too short (Luckhaupt, Tak, & Calvert 2009).
Why are more Americans getting less sleep? Work demands are one factor. The timing of a shift can strain a worker’s ability to get enough sleep. Working at night or during irregular hours goes against the human body’s biology, which is hard-wired to sleep during the night and be awake and active during the day. Still, society needs certain workers around the clock to provide vital services in public safety, healthcare, utilities, food services, manufacturing, transportation, and others. The resulting shift work—any shift outside the normal daylight hours of 7 a.m. to 6 p.m.—is linked to poorer sleep, circadian rhythm disturbances, and strains on family and social life. It is not possible to eliminate shift work altogether, so the challenge is to develop strategies to make critical services available while keeping workers healthy and everyone around them safe. In addition to shift work, some data suggest that a growing number of employees are being asked to work long hours on a regular basis. Every extra hour on the job is one less spent attending to the person’s off-the-job responsibilities. When the day is too full to fit everything in, it is often sleep that gets the short shrift.
What are the risks of long work hours and shift work?
Risks for Workers:
- Sleep deprivation
- Lack of adequate time to recover from work
- Decline in mental function and physical ability, including emotional fatigue and a decline in the function of the body’s immune system
- Higher rates of depression, occupational injury, and poor perceived health
- Higher prevalence of insomnia among shift workers with low social support
- Increased risk of illness and injury
- Strain on personal relationships, such as marriage and family life
- Increased risk of long-term health effects, such as heart disease, gastrointestinal disorders, mood disturbances, and cancer
Risks for Employers:
- Reduced productivity
- Increase in errors
- Absenteeism and presenteeism (present at work but not fully functioning because of health problems or personal issues)
- Increased health care and worker compensation costs
- Workforce attrition due to disability, death, or moving to jobs with less demanding schedules
Risks to the Community:
- Potential increase in errors by workers leading to:
- Medical errors
- Vehicle crashes
- Industrial disasters
Research indicates that the effect of long work hours and shift work may be more complex than a simple direct relationship between a certain high number of work hours or shift schedule and risks. The effects appear to be influenced by a variety of factors including characteristics of the worker and the job, worker control, pay, non-work responsibilities, and other characteristics of the work schedule.
Both workers and employers share in the responsibility of reducing risks connected to poor sleep. Therefore, it is important for both workers and managers to make sleep a priority in their personal life and in the assignment of work.
What can employers do to address this issue?
- Regular Rest: Establish at least 10 consecutive hours per day of protected time off-duty in order for workers to obtain 7-8 hours of sleep.
- Rest Breaks: Frequent brief rest breaks (e.g., every 1-2 hours) during demanding work are more effective against fatigue than a few longer breaks. Allow longer breaks for meals.
- Shift Lengths: Five 8-hour shifts or four 10-hour shifts per week are usually tolerable. Depending on the workload, twelve-hour days may be tolerable with more frequent interspersed rest days. Shorter shifts (e.g., 8 hours), during the evening and night, are better tolerated than longer shifts.
- Workload: Examine work demands with respect to shift length. Twelve-hour shifts are more tolerable for “lighter” tasks (e.g., desk work).
- Rest Days: Plan one or two full days of rest to follow five consecutive 8-hour shifts or four 10-hour shifts. Consider two rest days after three consecutive 12-hour shifts.
- Training: Provide training to make sure that workers are aware of the ups and downs of shiftwork and that they know what resources are available to them to help with any difficulties they are having with the work schedule.
- Incident Analysis: Examine near misses and incidents to determine the role, if any, of fatigue as a root cause or contributing cause to the incident.
What can workers do to address this issue?
- Make sure you give yourself enough time to sleep after working your shift.
- Avoid heavy foods and alcohol before sleeping and reduce intake of caffeine and other stimulants several hours beforehand since these can make it difficult to get quality sleep.
- Exercise routinely, as keeping physically fit can help you manage stress, stay healthy, and improve your sleep.
- Choose to sleep someplace dark, comfortable, quiet, and cool so you can fall asleep quickly and stay asleep.
- Seek assistance from an appropriate healthcare provider if you are having difficulties sleeping.
What does the future hold?
NIOSH is working on several projects to reduce the risks associated with long working hours and shiftwork. Our current research includes:
- Studying new methods to better measure work hours
- Surveillance to better understand the extent of the problem
- Studies to estimate risks to workers and employers
- Training interventions
Stay tuned for another blog tomorrow summarizing NIOSH research efforts related to sleep and work. The NIOSH Work Schedules topic page also includes helpful resources.
—Claire Caruso, PhD, RN, and Roger R. Rosa, PhD
Dr. Caruso is a research health scientist in the NIOSH Division of Applied Research and Technology.
Dr. Rosa is the NIOSH Deputy Associate Director for Science.
79 comments on “Sleep and Work”
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Most everything said is true and correct, infact most accidents, fatalities, stressing situations all stem from lack of sleep. But there is one question for years that has an answer. What about those who’s can’t sleep? I’m a recovering addict for more than 25 years, and I do not sleep if I take 25 mg. Of Ambien. I had the pleasure of knowing (name (name removed), who passed in 1998 after I was 10 years clean. I was the only client ever to be brought back to (name removed), after being thrown out, relapse the night I got home for a 6 month finally, and I bottomed out and decided to get clean. One thing she said when I could not sleep was simple, if your laying down and your hearts at rest for 8 hours than it is just like sleep. The other, when I die I will get all the rest and sleep I will ever need.
References to products or services do not constitute an endorsement by NIOSH or the U.S. government.
You may want to contact the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) http://www.sleepcenters.org/
for help finding a certified sleep lab and sleep disorders specialist.
I work at a center that offers treatment to workaholics and the symptoms people suffer from this illnes are almost the same I found at this blog. I agree on that it is very advisable to get some help if you can’t controll your working vice by yourself the consequences include relationships troubles, divorce, accidents and low esteem appart from the health issues described here.
another optioin that may have an immediate effect has been used in the Australian mining industry. the incident statistics for a mine begin at a person’s front door to when he/she returns home. that way the employer is concerned about the effects of fatique on the travel part of a workers’ day not just the at work time.
There are more than 100 different sleeping and waking disorders. They can be grouped into four main categories:
* Problems falling and staying asleep (insomnia)
* Problems staying awake (excessive daytime sleepiness)
* Problems sticking to a regular sleep schedule (sleep rhythm problem)
* Unusual behaviors during sleep (sleep-disruptive behaviors)
medical education is essential.
Everyone knows the importance of resting, not only to sleep, but to use those hours for resting.
I know this issue close; I have an aunt who has been working for over 5 years on the night shift. She tought it was a good idea because she could sleep in the morning and care for her soon in the afternoon. It was impossible. All the problems you have named are fulfilled in it: she is always tired, irritable nature, is often sick, trouble sleeping … It´s a big problem.
Greetings
Marta
sleeping for 7-8 hours is very important to maintain a healthy mind and body. Working in shift patterns disturbs the natural cycle of human body and is a deterrent to productivity.
I feel that working during the night shift can be really difficult for anyone who isn’t committed. I was working at UPS as a truck loader and the shifts begins at 3am. And I guess you could say I wasn’t committed as much as I should have. I tried going to bed early but it never worked, I always ended up going to bed at 8pm sometimes 9pm, which is way too late. I ended up leaving this job after only a month.
Working during the night shift is a complete lifestyle change, some people can deal with it while others can’t. Here are some tips I found for going to bed yearly if you work the night shift, source – [http://snoozebubbles.com/sleep-disorders]
* Make the light for the room you sleep in is adjustable (you need to make it completely dark before you go to sleep)
* There has to be no noise, and this can be a little difficult if you live with somebody.
* You need to plan ahead a prepare for getting up when you have to. You need minimum 8 hours sleep.
i like your blog. Because, it very important to maintain a healthy mind and body
thank you
Sometimes I am not getting enough sleep when in a busy days because of my jobs…consuming some vitamins and fresh fruits can be as other solution
Most of what was said in this post is agreeable. A common reason why people get sick and accidents is because of our lack of sleep. It’s hard enough that we get drained and burnt out with work but even more when we can’t rest enough. Although it is understandable that our work also can’t be blamed for it but can’t we draw the line at some point? Are we just to say yes to everything and not voice out our opinions?
Sleep enough not just good for health but good to productivity.
I am a labor inspector in Brazil and I find that sleeping is really a security issue. I have read that the hours of work of truck drivers are inspected by the DOT in the US, and not OSHA. I would like to know your opinion about that since the hours of work to which drivers are submitted to are closely related to work pressures and the way the remuneration is done (by productivity), factors that are work related. Sorry for my English. I hope I made myself understood.
Eating the right foods before you go to sleep can really help you get a better night’s rest. With better rest comes more energy during the work day.
Fish, bananas, a few more are all great to eat.
Those helped me and my husband with our sleep productivity!
The NIH document “Your Guide to Healthy Sleep” http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/sleep/healthy_sleep.pdf has several tips to improve sleep including suggestions about food and sleep. These are:
”Avoid caffeine and nicotine. Coffee, colas, certain teas, and chocolate contain the stimulant caffeine, and its effects can take as long as 8 hours to wear off fully. Therefore, a cup of coffee in the late afternoon can make it hard for you to fall asleep at night.
Avoid alcoholic drinks before bed. Having a “nightcap” or alcoholic beverage before sleep may help you relax, but heavy use robs you of deep sleep and REM sleep, keeping you in the lighter stages of sleep. Heavy alcohol ingestion also may contribute to impairment in breathing at night. You also tend to wake up in the middle of the night when the effects of the alcohol have worn off.
Avoid large meals and beverages late at night. A light snack is okay, but a large meal can cause indigestion that interferes with sleep. Drinking too many fluids at night can cause frequent awakenings to urinate.”
I find the material on risks to workers from long hours and shift work confusing. Do you mean rotating shift work? Shift work itself just means someone works a generally set eight hour period. What study/studies indicate an increased risk of cancer to workers as mentioned in the last point? Workers who don’t get enought sleep? Workers on rotating shifts? I am particularly concerned about third shift workers who I assume generally don’t get the same length and quality of sleep compared to those workers on the more prevalent first shift. Can someone direct me to studies which focus on the health impact faced by third shift workers?
I agree that calling rotating or constantly changing shifts “Shift Work” is a misnomer (and I hate it).
As discussed in the article, the shift workers are more at risk of suffering from disorders of digestion and appetite, and increased use of sedatives or stimulants to stay awake., Which could affect performance, increase likelihood of errors and accidents at work, to improve all the negative consequences that this type of workers, there are research studies that claim that limiting work shifts to 12 hours maximum, ensuring that they can rest for two full nights of sleep night until the next turn, could help these people in their daily lives, diminishing the many social, work and family that will cause your shift.
I worked M – F, 3 – 11 charge of a small ICU unit for 10 plus years and after being off for a surgical procedure when I came back to work my manager gave me an either or proposition by taking away my position and giving me a schedule of 3 – 11’s and 7p -7a shifts. I tried to explain to the staffing secretary that in a 15 day stretch I only actualy had 1 day off (response: “Get use to it – thats your schedule”) and that my manager indicated: “if I wanted to work my full time hours I will have to adapt”. Primarily they have fouced me into 12 hour shifts 7p -7a and dropping down in hours in order to be able to “try to adapt”. Not having a history of migrains and now developing them is primarily an adapting situation that “I” will have to get use to and when I get home my significant other comes out to the car at times to wake me so I can come inside and go to sleep. My manager is pushing for the 12 hour shifts for “continuity” and cutting down on over time but in the process those who do work the night shift (7p -7a) are getting repromanded for increased sick time hours. I could go on but that is just the beginging… I am going to bring this issue to Human Resoures but fear that I am going to be suffering repercussions for my actions in doing so.
Healthy sleep is important for maintaining overall good condition of the body, so it is a very important topic. Thank you!
After working a rotating 12 hour shift for several years I find your body will never adjust. My shift starts with 4 12 hours days shift then 48 hours off, 3 12 hour night shifts then 72 hours off, 3 12 hour day shifts then 48 hours off, and 4 12 hour night shifts. Then we get 6 off days. I can adjust my body clock after the 3rd night shift but then have to start over from scratch. We have talked to our employer about changing to just working 7 nights, having off 7, working 7 days, and so on. This would cut the switching back and forth in half. For me anyway the switching is harder then the working!
Below is a link to an advocacy video (YouTube) on the complex issues of nurse fatigue, long work hours, and shift work depicted in an animation featuring fictional characters “Super Girl and Sleepy Nurse Sue.”
Created by: John Repique, RN, doctor of nursing practice student, Duke University School of Nursing.
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMXAuBarCFE&feature=plcp]
See NYT article: Bus Driver Found Not Guilty of Manslaughter in I-95 Crash “A bus driver accused of being so tired that he caused one of the deadliest crashes in New York City’s history was found not guilty of manslaughter and negligent homicide on Friday, underscoring the difficulty of prosecuting drowsy driving…”
The dream is more important than it seems. We must not forget that quality Sleep is also very Important. The Common People think that sleep deprivation is only manifested in tiredness the next day, but many more are affected as process: In children the process of growth, in Adults, suspended the creation of chemicals in the Body, to stay healthy, such as growth hormone, which helps us stay young and alert. We should adopt healthy habits to promote quality and adequate amount of sleep.
Juan González
In todays world, we are constantly pushed to the limits and have forgotten that we are not machines but need proper rest as it it vital to our wellbeing.
There is nifty web app that helps you figure out when to go to sleep, to wake up in respect to the 90 minutes sleep cycles which has a positive influence on the quality of your sleep.
I think there is some truth behind it. At the end of each cycle your body is more alert and susceptible to outside stimuli, making it easier to wake up as opposed to waking up from the “deep sleep” stage where your body is pretty much paralysed.
Have a look at http://sleep-calculator.com and play around with the go to bed, wake up times and select a day or two to respect that schedule, and see how you feel.
Nice post,Healthy sleep is important for maintaining overall good condition of the body, so it is a very important topic. Thank you!
I feel that today’s society has a conscience drive to circumvent sleep, with the rise of all these caffeine-rich supplements and blogs devoted to caffeine, like caffeineland.com and the like– it takes self control to pursue a healthy night’s sleep and people, to their detriment, are taking the easy way out 🙁
I didn’t realize how much lack of sleep was affecting my work until I got my snoring problem under control. Compared to how I used to feel each morning (sluggish, drained, zombie-like), I’m pretty sure now I can conquer the world. Thankfully, I never caused any accidents on the job while I was sleep deprived
At Mercy College we are very concerned about the “sleepiness” of workers and how it relates to public safety and productivity. We are looking for a speaker that would educate our students as well as seasoned sleep technologists on this subject at our World Series of Sleep Conference Oct 10 in Toledo Ohio. Perhaps someone close to the Toledo area.
Karen Miley
Assistant Program Lead
Mercy College
Toledo Ohio
karen.miley@mercycollege.edu
Thank you for the post. Very helpful.
Too many people treat sleep like its just an extra part of life we must deal with. When the case is, sleep is one of the primary things that affect our daily quality of life.
Lack of sleep can affect and damage a person’s relationship. It can disturb their social life, their energy, and their health.
Hello! I just would like to give a huge thumbs up for the great info you have here on this post. I will be coming back to your blog for more soon.
Great stuff, thanks for sharing, Elie
Healthy sleep is important for maintaining overall good condition of the body, so it is a very important topic. Thank you!
Excellent post and a growing issue that deserves attention. I make sure I’m in bed on work nights by 10:30. I also turn everything off an hour before bed and read a book. It helps me sleep. Lastly, I make sure my last cup of coffee is before 1 PM so the caffeine is not in my system at night.
To work normally we need to have sleep of 6 to 7 hours in at night otherwise we will suffer. Even I’ll suffer the same problem many times but now I am getting punctual of sleeping. And all we know Health is wealth
The risks of long work hours and shift work are very depressed for every person. No schedule for sleeping, no fix time for relationship like family married life. Long work shift are increase fat depression, heart diseases gastrointestinal disorders and cancer. To lose your extra weight stop the long decrease the long work at shift.
Keep discussing something or the other with your colleagues in between whenever there is a free time. This will cheer you up all day long.Do not slouch in your chair.Remember to blink your eyes if you stare at a computer screen. Monitors continuously redisplay their contents and the brain cannot pick up on these changes, but your eye can and it makes the eye extremely tired. (If you look at your monitor with your peripheral vision and can notice that it blinks, your refresh rate is probably set too low.)
I worked M – F, 3 – 11 charge of a small ICU unit for 10 plus years and after being off for a surgical procedure when I came back to work my manager gave me an either or proposition by taking away my position and giving me a schedule of 3 – 11’s and 7p -7a shifts. I tried to explain to the staffing secretary that in a 15 day stretch I only actualy had 1 day off (response: “Get use to it – thats your schedule”) and that my manager indicated: “if I wanted to work my full time hours I will have to adapt”. Primarily they have fouced me into 12 hour shifts 7p -7a and dropping down in hours in order to be able to “try to adapt”. Not having a history of migrains and now developing them is primarily an adapting situation that “I” will have to get use to and when I get home my significant other comes out to the car at times to wake me so I can come inside and go to sleep. My manager is pushing for the 12 hour shifts for “continuity” and cutting down on over time but in the process those who do work the night shift (7p -7a) are getting repromanded for increased sick time hours. I could go on but that is just the beginging… I am going to bring this issue to Human Resoures but fear that I am going to be suffering repercussions for my actions in doing so.
yea, that’s right..
the risk for employers on second point, I’ve seen my friends who worked for long hours. I knew that he’s sleepy very much(I could see from his eyes). I’ve warn him. But he didn’t listen and decided to keep working. and than, the next day I had my friend got his arm broken, that’s one of the risk.
Nice
another optioin that may have an immediate effect has been used in the Australian mining industry. the incident statistics for a mine begin at a person’s front door to when he/she returns home. that way the employer is concerned about the effects of fatique on the travel part of a workers’ day not just the at work time. Lamanku Direktori Bisnis
Great post about issues.
I am particularly concerned about third shift workers who I assume generally don’t get the same length and quality of sleep compared to those workers on the more prevalent first shift. Can someone direct me to studies which focus on the health impact faced by third shift workers?
Health concerns associated with working a third-shift schedule (12 midnight to 8:00 a.m.) are discussed in the article Caruso CC. 2014 Negative impacts of shift work and long work hours. Rehabilitation Nursing. 39:16-25.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rnj.107/pdf
Healthy sleep is important for maintaining overall good condition of the body, so it is a very important topic for our life. thanks
Everyone knows the importance of resting, not only to sleep, but to use those hours for resting. We at [name removed] takes resting and sleeping very importantly to our employees..
Really helpful stuff, thanks for sharing.
Really helpful stuff, thanks for sharing.
Where can I find the most current research regarding rotating shifts? We are identifying shift options for a 24/7/365 dispatch center. Is there any information w/ shift recommendations when staffing a 24 hr/day where employees are required to remain alert?
In May 2015, NIOSH released an online training program titled: NIOSH training for nurses on shift work and long work hours which is available on this link http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2015-115/
This comprehensive training program gives information for managers and workers help them better cope with these types of work schedules.
Module 5, “Work Organization Strategies to Promote Alertness and Health in Nurses”, gives information about designing work schedules. There is no single ‘optimum shift system’ which can be used at all work places. However, the online training gives suggestions for features of schedules that are better and other features that are best avoided. It is important to involve the workers who will work the schedules for their views on what designs would meet their needs. The work schedule should allow time off from work so workers can get the 7 to 8 hours sleep every day that most adults need. Time off between work shifts should be at least 10 hours. See the training program for other important information about designing the work schedules. See also Modules 2, 3, and 4 which give other critical information and the types of schedules with higher risk for injury and other incidents.
Sleeping very important for our body. Enough sleep for 7 to 8 hour given good health in our daily work. Including any activity that we do daily basis.
Not enough sleep not good for health especial when driving which can cause an accident.
I really enjoyed reading your blog, you have lots of great content. I look forward to reading more posts from you.
I really enjoyed reading your blog, you have lots of great content. I look forward to reading more posts from you.
Thank you for the information. Very helpful. I used to take long hours without sleeping because of my job but now I’m getting enough sleep thankfully.
what a good article.. some words you say happen to me..
not enought in sleep make me fell unhealthy..
thanks again and keep posting buddy..
Regard,
Lack of sleep can damage our brain. Unfortunately work really does affect our sleeping habits.
It is legal to work a job (Commercial Painter) for 10 hr day after 3-4 hours sleep. We work on ladders and drive company vehicles. People do this where I work but it is their choice. I do not. I am worried that I may be forced to do this in the future because I am the only one who does not do this to myself.
According to three expert panels, most people need 7 to 9 hours sleep each day for maintaining health and waking function.1-3 See NIOSH training for nurses on shift work and long work hours for more information about the risks linked to going to work without enough sleep and strategies for workers and managers to reduce these risks.
Sleep deprived people can have costly effects on society, much like the risk that high-functioning addicts pose to the communities they live in. The great danger is in the fact that they are both unrecognizable as threats to safety.
Time off between work shifts should be at least 10 hours. See the training program for other important information about designing the work schedules. You have to rest enough between your work.
yea, that’s right..
the risk for employers on second point, I’ve seen my friends who worked for long hours. I knew that he’s sleepy very much(I could see from his eyes). I’ve warn him. But he didn’t listen and decided to keep working. and than, the next day I had my friend got his arm broken, that’s one of the risk.
I have a question regarding this issue. My current employer is getting ready to implement a standard that I must submit to them on a daily basis throughout the work week the number of hours of sleep I get per night. Is this legal for them to demand this?
As scientists, we do not have the expertise to discuss the legalities of your employer’s request. You might consider consulting your employer’s Human Resources representative, if practical, or an attorney who has knowledge of labor law for your state.
I needed to thank you for this good read!! I
certainly enjoyed every bit of it. I’ve got you book-marked to
check out new stuff you post…
very nicely compiled article and very true.
Jia
I think it’s not a rare thing that people use their sleep time to work. Is it because the era change so the people’s habits start to change either?
I’m not sure if a scientific test has been done on the relationship between being overweight and the amount of sleeping an person requires – But in my own case I weight 52 Kg and have never needed more than 5 hours sleep a day in my entire life – (I’m 55 years old and 175 cm tall). So this may be an area that the experts may want to do more research in.
The number of hours adults need to sleep shows some variability with most adults needing from 7 to 9 hours (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015). Researchers are examining factors that are associated with these individual differences. Knutson and Van Cauter (2008) reviewed 16 epidemiological studies and reported obesity was associated with short sleep duration (often defined as 6 or less hours sleep per day). Newer studies are also reporting an association between short sleep duration and obesity. The authors discuss most of the people with short sleep duration are restricting their sleep and are experiencing physiological changes that occur when a person does not get the amount of sleep their body needs. One change is an imbalance of appetite hormones that makes people feel hungry and prompts them to eat more sweets and fatty foods and leads to an increase in body weight. Researchers are also conducting genetic studies and have identified gene mutations in some people who naturally sleep 6 or less hours a day and appear healthy and function well (Pellegrino et al., 2014). The percentage of the population with these gene mutations is estimated to be small. Some indications of getting enough sleep are feeling refreshed after awakening and not being overly sleepy during the daytime. People who need several cups of regular coffee a day to feel alert may not be getting enough good-quality sleep.
Hirshkowitz, M., Whiton, K., Albert, S. A., Alessi, C., Bruni, O., DonCarlos, L., … Hillard, A. (2015). National Sleep Foundation’s sleep time duration recommendations: Methodology and results summary. Sleep Health, 1:40-43. DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010
Knutson KL, Van Cauter E. (2008). Associations between sleep loss and increased risk of obesity and diabetes. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1129: 287-304
Pellegrino R, Kavakli IH, Goel N, Cardinale CJ, Dinges DF, Kuna ST, Maislin G, Van Dongen HP, Tufik S, Hogenesch JB, Hakonarson H, Pack AI [2014]. A novel BHLHE41 variant is associated with short sleep and resistance to sleep deprivation in humans. Sleep 37(8):1327-1336
Year after year this topic is discussed and year after year it keeps getting worse and worse and worse.
Thank you for your comment. The NIOSH Work Schedules topic page includes helpful resources and is updated as new information becomes available. We have also added the link in the text above.
Sleep is so crucial – every year we discover more and more about the importance of sleep in a society where we are over worked.
Shift work can affect a wide variety of areas an employees life including circadian rhythms, emotional health, increased health and injury risks, and sleep disturbances. It can add stress on relationships not only within a couple but regarding social life as well. When friends and family work day jobs, it can become isolating to cope with shift work.
it was very helpful information . please keep writing more.
This is very informative thanks for sharing
I appreciate your work. Very helpful and effective. As an employee I can surely relate all the risk at the working site.
thanks for the blogs
Very informative good article who is facing the sleep issues. good one.
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